What is a major risk of a tension pneumothorax if not treated promptly?

A major risk of tension pneumothorax if not treated promptly is cardiac arrest. Tension pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space and cannot escape, leading to increased pressure on the lungs and major blood vessels. This accumulation of pressure can cause the lung on the affected side to collapse, impairing oxygen exchange and leading to severe respiratory distress. As pressure continues to build, it can compress the heart and major vessels, leading to decreased venous return and reduced cardiac output. Ultimately, if this condition persists without intervention, it can result in cardiac arrest due to the heart being unable to function effectively under such compromised conditions.

This highlights the importance of timely recognition and intervention for tension pneumothorax in emergency situations, as it can quickly escalate to life-threatening consequences.